Improvement in apparatus for heating apartments, railroad-cars



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

I. A. SALMON. Apparatus for Heating Apartments, RailroadOars, 8110 No.210,563. Patented Dec. 3, I878.

N. PETERS, FHOTO-UTNOGRAPHER WASH NGTON D C 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I. A. SALMON. 7

Apparatus for Heating Apartments, Railroad Cars; &c.

No. 210,563. Patente'd Dec. 3; 1878.

Jay- 3 N.FETRS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHMGTON D c UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

IRA A. SALMON, or BOSTON, ASSIGNOR or ONE-HALF HIS RIGHT To DAVID S.FOGG, or NORWOOD, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING APARTMENTS, RAILROAD-CARS, &c.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 2] 0,563, datedDecember 3, 1878 application filed April 10, 1878.

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, IRA A. SALMON, of Boston, in the county of Suffolkand Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Portable Apparatus for Heating Apartments, Railroad-Oars,860., of which the following is a specification:

The object of my invention is to provide a safe, economical, andconvenient means of warming apartments, railroad-cars, and other placesfor which it may be found suitable, by the use of steam or hot water,and the apparatus is suitable to the use of either.

In the drawings annexed, Figure 1 is an elevation or side view. Fig. 2is a vertical central sectional view, showing the arrangement of thevalves and working parts of the apparatus; and Fig. 3 is a plan or topview.

a in the drawings represents the boiler. b in the drawings represents atank or reservoir, divided into two compartments by a metallicdiaphragm. c is a receptacle for the surplus water which may overflowfrom the tank b. d in the drawings represents a jacket covering thewater-leg of the boiler, and, passing below the bottom of the water-leg,curves inward and upward toward and into .the lower part of thecombustion-chamber, leaving a space between the jacket and water-leg,which takes from and carries off from the combustion-chamber the gasesresulting from combustion, so they may be conducted to a chimney orfunnel extending to the open air. It also retains and economizes theheat, and protects the boiler from the air, and may cover the entireboiler. c in the drawings is a pipe extending from the boiler to to theradiator 6 f in the drawings represents a pipe taken from the boiler a,thence extending to and joining into the pipe e, and f is a cock in thepipe f. g is apipe from the interior of the boiler a, extending throughits top upward, curving and entering the tank 1) below the diaphragm,with a valve, and a valve-stem, 7 in the drawings is a pipe from the topof the tank I) to the receptacle for surplus water c, having in it theweighted valve h, allowing any surplus of water flowing into the tank bto overflow into the receptacle c. t in the drawings represents a pipeleading from the lowest point of the radiator 0 or from the end farthestfrom the boiler, up to and entering the tank I) at or near the top. j inthe drawings represents a water-pipe from near the bottom of thewater-receptacle c to and entering the bottom of the tank I), with avalve in it allowing the water to flow from c to I) when there is avacuum in I), but preventing a downward flow from b to c. 70 in thedrawings represents a water pipe from the lower part of the tank.b tothe boiler a, with a cock, la, in it, the use of which is hereinafterexplained. I in the drawings represents a pipe from the lower part ofthe tank I) to the boiler a, having in its lower part within the boilerto the valve or cock 6. m and a are pipes connecting the upper part, band the lower part, W, of the tank I) through the diaphragm, on beingopen to the diaphragm to let water down from I) to.b and n to allow airto escape from If; to I), both being controlled, either closed or open.by valves which are connected and move together simultaneously, openingand closing at the same time. 0 represents a float attached to a leveror arm which opens and closes the cook or valve Z at the lower end ofthe water-pipe Z, and raises and lowers the valve 9 p p p p p p 1) inthe drawings represent waterpipes from the lower part of the water-legof the boiler, diagonally through the combustion-chamber, to and throughthe bottom sheet of the boiler. Thewater in them being heated, risesinto the boiler, while it flows downward in the water-leg, thus keepingup a circulation. 1) represents a coil of pipe perforated for burninggas.

q q in the drawings represent fines from the combustion-chamber, throughthe water-leg, into the space between thewater-leg and the jacket (I, toprovide for the escape of the gases from the combustion-chamber.

The valve-stem g is looped around or otherwise connected with the arm orlever actuated by the rising and falling of the float 0, so that thefalling of the float o a certain distance will open the valve in thepipe 9 and allow the passage of steam from the boiler a into the lowercompartment of the tank I), and also open the valve or cock 1 and allowthe flow of water from the tank b to the boiler a, and the filling ofthe boiler in this way raises the float 0, and, at a certain height ofwater in the boiler the valve or cock I and the valve 9 in the pipe gare both closed, leaving the lower compartment of the tank 1) partiallyfilled with steam, when the steam will be condensed and the compartmentI) again filled with water from the water receptacle 0, or from theupper compartment, 1), of the tank I), or from both.

The water-receptacle 0 may be placed on a level with the tank I), inwhich case the waterpipej will be made to enter the top of the tank I),being provided with a valve opening toward the tank I).

The pipe 0 may be continued through the apartment, to be warmed withfolds or doublings, serving as a radiator either for water or steamheating, or any other suitable arrangement of radiators may be used.

Vhen the apparatus is used with steam, pipe w must not be over one-halfinch inside diameter, and that size will answer very well also forwater-heating.

I do not confine myself to any particular form or relative position ofthe parts of the apparatus before described.

To use the apparatus with water, the cock f in the steam-pipe f must beclosed after the boiler is filled with water, and the cocks c and k areopened. A fire from gas, petroleum, or other suitable fuel, beingkindled in the combustion-chamber, the water in the boiler it soonboils, and generates steam in the top of the boiler a, which displacesthe water, forcing it, through pipe 0, radiator 0 and pipe 2', into thetank b, from which it overflows into the receptacle 0.

When the water in the boiler has been forced out, as before described,the float 0 descends until the lever or arm to which it is attachedstrikes the lower part of the loop in the stem of the valve 9 in thepipe g, opening the valve for the passage of steam through the pipe ginto the lower compartment of the tank I), at the same time opening thevalve or cock in pipe I, and the lower compartment of the tank I)discharges its store of water into the boiler to, through pipes l and k,and is partially filled with steam from the boiler, and as the waterrises in the boiler a to a certain height the float 0 is carried up, andthe valves Z and g are closed by its movement. \Vater then descends fromthe upper compartment and condenses the steam in the lower compartment,producing a vacuum, which is filled with water from the receptacle 0,and the upper compartment of the tank I), and the cock L being open theboiler is completely filled with water through the pipe k.

The fire then being kept up, the operation is repeated continuously,producing an intermittent flow of hot water, through the pipe 6, theradiator 0 and pipe 1', to the tank I).

To use the apparatus for heating by steam, the cock f in the steam-pipef is opened, and

the cock 0 in the water-pipe c is closed, and the cook 76' is alsoclosed.

Upon rekindling the fire in the combustionchamber the water boils in theboiler a, and the steam generated passes through the steampipe f intothe radiator 0 expelling the water therefrom into the upper compartmentof the tank I), when the steam following is condensed by the waterthere.

Then the water has ex'aporated in the boiler so as to allow the float oto descend far enough to open the valves 9 and l, the boiler will berefilled and the valves again closed by the raising of the float 0, andthe operation is continued, keeping the pipe 0 and the radiator filledwith hot steam, and if condense-water accumulates the steam will forceit through pipe 1' into the compartment 11 of the tank I).

It will be perceived that in using this apparatus, either for heating anapartment or car, with hot water or steam, its operation is antomatic orcontinuous as long as the fire is kept up.

The valves at the bottom of the pipes m and n in the tank are held totheir places by the spiral spring in the tube m, but will be opened whenthe water is drawn out or expelled by steam from the lower compartmentsof the tank b. The opening in the top of the tank I) (marked h is usedto fill the tank with water, and has a valve opening inward. In thewater-pipe a there is a valve, 0, closing toward the boiler. This valvemay be placed below the junction of pipe f. The weighted valve h in thetop of the tank I) governs the pressure of steam and regulates theoverflow of water from the tank.

By the use of this apparatus I am able to secure a saving in heating anapartment or car, and also to place the radiator on a level with orbelow the floor, and below the apparatus itself, and return the waterused to the boiler over and over again with but little if any loss.

The receptacle 0 for overflow of water ma be dispensed with byincreasing the capacit of the upper compartment of the tank I), so thatit will only be necessary to partially fill it with water to supply theapparatus, leaving an unfilled space sufficient to contain all the waterwhich will at any time be expelled from the boiler to by the expansionof steam.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Iatcut, is-

1. An automatic steam and water heating apparatus consisting of boilera, tank I), with receptacle 0, and pipes h and j, with the pipes e, f,g, k, and l, with valves and connections, substantially as described,and for the purposes specified.

2. An automatic steam and water heating apparatus consisting of boiler aand tank I), with the pipes c, f, g, k, and l, with valves andconnections, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The boiler a, in combination with the jacket (1, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

4. The tank I), with its chambers 11 and b and pipes m and n, with theirvalves, operating as described and set forth.

5. Tank 1), having compartments b and b and pipes m and n, with theirvalves, in combination with a steam-boiler, substantially as described.

6. The combination of pipes i e and their valves i and c, with tank I),as described, and. a steam-boiler and radiator, substantially as and forthe purpose set forth.

7. The combination of tank b, having coinpartments b and b pipes m andn, with their valves, with reservoir a, substantially as described, andfor the purpose set forth.

IRA A. SALMON.

Witnesses:

S. L. POTTER, GHs. HOUGHTEN.

